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Connection strings
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Connection string is a local or remote path to the database being attached.
The legacy syntax (supported by all Firebird versions) is the following:
For TCP (aka INET) protocol:
<host> [ / <port>] : <file path to database or alias>
For named pipes (aka NetBEUI, aka WNET) protocol:
\\ <host> [ @ <port>] \ <file path to database or alias>
For local connections as simple as:
<file path to database or alias>
If host name is omitted, local connection is implied. Depending on settings,
platform and Firebird version, it could be performed via either the embedded
engine or XNET (shared memory) protocol or TCP localhost loopback.
Examples:
Connect via TCP using database name:
192.168.0.11:/db/mydb.fdb
192.168.0.11:C:\db\mydb.fdb
myserver:C:\db\mydb.fdb
localhost:/db/mydb.fdb
Connect via TCP using database alias:
192.168.0.11:mydb
myserver:mydb
localhost:mydb
Connect via TCP using non-default port 3051:
192.168.0.11/3051:C:\db\mydb.fdb
192.168.0.11/3051:mydb
myserver/3051:/db/mydb.fdb
localhost/3051:/db/mydb.fdb
myserver/3051:mydb
localhost/3051:mydb
Connect via TCP using non-default service name:
192.168.0.11/fb_db:C:\db\mydb.fdb
192.168.0.11/fb_db:mydb
localhost/fb_db:/db/mydb.fdb
myserver/fb_db:/db/mydb.fdb
myserver/fb_db:mydb
localhost/fb_db:mydb
Connect via named pipes:
\\myserver\C:\db\mydb.fdb
\\myserver@fb_db\C:\db\mydb.fdb
Local connection:
/db/mydb.fdb
C:\db\mydb.fdb
mydb
Additionally, Firebird 3.0 introduces generalized URL-like syntax for
connection strings:
[ <protocol> : // [ <host> [ : <port> ] ] ] / <file path to database or alias>
Where protocol is one of: INET (means TCP), WNET (means named pipes) or XNET
(means shared memory).
Examples:
Connect via TCP using database name:
inet://192.168.0.11//db/mydb.fdb
inet://192.168.0.11/C:\db\mydb.fdb
inet://myserver/C:\db\mydb.fdb
inet://localhost//db/mydb.fdb
Connect via TCP using database alias:
inet://192.168.0.11/mydb
inet://myserver/mydb
inet://localhost/mydb
Connect via TCP using non-default port 3051:
inet://192.168.0.11:3051/C:\db\mydb.fdb
inet://192.168.0.11:3051/mydb
inet://myserver:3051//db/mydb.fdb
inet://localhost:3051//db/mydb.fdb
inet://myserver:3051/mydb
inet://localhost:3051/mydb
Connect via TCP using non-default service name:
inet://192.168.0.11:fb_db/C:\db\mydb.fdb
inet://192.168.0.11:fb_db/mydb
inet://localhost:fb_db//db/mydb.fdb
inet://myserver:fb_db//db/mydb.fdb
inet://myserver:fb_db/mydb
inet://localhost:fb_db/mydb
The "inet" protocol can be replaced by "inet4" or "inet6" to restrict client
to IPv4 or IPv6 addresses corresponding to supplied name ("inet" protocol
tries all addresses in the order determined by OS):
inet4://myserver/mydb
inet6://myserver/mydb
Connect via named pipes:
wnet://myserver/C:\db\mydb.fdb
wnet://myserver:fb_db/C:\db\mydb.fdb
Loopback connection via TCP:
inet:///db/mydb.fdb
inet://C:\db\mydb.fdb
inet://mydb
Loopback connection via named pipes:
wnet://C:\db\mydb.fdb
wnet://mydb
Local connection via shared memory:
xnet://C:\db\mydb.fdb
xnet://mydb
Local (embedded by default) connection:
/db/mydb.fdb
C:\db\mydb.fdb
mydb
If protocol and host name are omitted, local connection is implied. Depending on settings,
it could be performed via either the embedded engine or XNET (shared memory) protocol
or TCP localhost loopback.
On the server side, default provider configuration is:
Providers = Remote, Engine13, Loopback
It means that if the remote provider fails to match the connection string (because of missing
protocol / host parts), then the embedded engine handles the hostless connection. If you need
to connect locally using a specific transport protocol, please specify:
inet://<file path to database or alias>
or
wnet://<file path to database or alias>
or
xnet://<file path to database or alias>
Note: WNET (named pipes) and XNET (shared memory) protocols are available on Windows only.